Justice as the Advantage of the Stronger Thrasymachuss Ideas (platos the republic) vs. Charles Darwins Principle of Natural Selection a Comparison

It is hard to deny that power often goes hand in hand to strength. Though the ability to take control over the rest of the people and even entire states often depends on such qualities as diplomacy, intellect and strategic thinking, brutal force often actually turns out the pivoting point in the argument between opponents. The given phenomenon spawns a number of ethical questions concerning the situation when the strongest wins only owing to his/her single asset, that is, the ability to use strength to prove the point.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Justice as the Advantage of the Stronger: Thrasymachus’s Ideas (plato’s the republic) vs. Charles Darwin’s Principle of Natural Selection: a Comparison specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Understandably enough, the concept of force as the ultimate argument in a discussion has been a very low, if not the lowest, means of solving a conflict. For examp le, in his Magnum Opus, The Republic, Plato deliberately introduces a character that will represent the thoughtless, unreasonable, mean-spirited idea that the power belongs to the strongest and be opposed to Plato’s own concept of whose hands the power is supposed to be in. However, with the appearance of Darwin’s famous work, The descent of man, the idea of the domination of the strong ones suddenly gained sense; moreover, it can be argued that in a way, Darwin’s work justifies the idea of power being given to the strongest ones. Hence, Darwin’s work becomes a touch controversial. However, despite the seeming similarity between Thrasymachus’s point of view and Darwin’s concept of the strongest as the most possible survivors and leaders, there is a mile of small differences that sets Darwin’s idea of the strongest as the ones with the greatest amount of assets and Thrasymachus’s concept of the strongest is the beholder of bruta l force thousand miles apart. On the one hand, it seems that there are a number of similarities between what Darwin offers as the basic principle of survival and what Thrasymachus claims to be the key principle of existence. Indeed, both philosophers believe that the strongest species have the greatest opportunities not only to stay alive, but also to reach the top of the social hierarchy within a specified group. Darwin insists that the principle â€Å"only the strong survive† works within a group of any living creatures, not only people, and is the basic rule of evolution that allows only the most powerful creatures who, therefore, have the opportunities to produce the healthiest posterity. As Darwin puts it, â€Å"The stature and strength of the men of a tribe are likewise of some importance for its success, and these depend in part on the nature and amount of the food which can be obtained† (Darwin). Therefore, Darwin stresses that a man’s strength, as well as his behavior and manner of conduct affect his social status and shape people’s attitude towards him.Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thrasymachus, in his turn, argues that strength alone can be the source of everlasting power over the rest of the people: â€Å"My answer is that might is right, justice is the interest of the stronger† (Plato). Therefore, it is clear that Thrasymachus claims justice to be the privilege of the strongest. It is noteworthy, however, that both Darwin and Thrasymachus use the notion of strength in their argument. However, the use of the same word is as far as the similarities between the two arguments go. To start with, it is necessary to explain that by claiming justice to be the prerogative of the strongest, Thrasymachus means that the beholders of the power choose what principles the system of justice must be guided by. Accord ing to Thrasymachus, the idea of the survival principle presupposes that those who managed to live through the changes of the environment will also succeed in playing the role of a community leader and establishing the system of justice: â€Å"An evil soul must necessarily be an evil ruler† (Plato). An argument in favor of the difference between Darwin’s and Thrasymachus’s statement is that Darwin does not actually claim that the strongest necessarily possesses the advantage of justice. According to Darwin, the stronger is capable of getting used to the established system of justice rather than of creating his/her own set of rules: â€Å"With savages, the weak in body or mind are soon eliminated; and those that survive commonly exhibit a vigorous state of health† (Darwin). Thrasymachus, in his turn, claims that the strongest also establishes the laws and sets the principles of judgment: â€Å"Justice is a man’s own loss and another’s gainâ €  (Plato). Though both authors might seem to have a point depending on the perspective, it is still necessary to admit that in terms of intrinsic judgment system, Thrasymachus’s idea does not hold any water. While Darwin explains that both the strongest and the weakest exist in the system of principles of the universal justice, Thrasymachus constitutes the concept of universal justice with the situational one, i.e., the principles that is not considered the ultimate manifestation of justice, but the ones that satisfy the demands of the beholders of the power. That said, it is hardly possible to consider Darwin’s and Thrasymachus’s arguments as equal ones; they simply concern different ideas of what justice is, not what power is. The last, but definitely not the least comment to the famous argument concerns the very concept of strength and the qualities that Darwin and Thrasymahcus understand as strength. In Darwin’s opinion, strength incorporates both physical force and intellectual and moral advantage. It is significant that Darwin stated at the very beginning of the chapter that strength in his interpretation involved not only the ability to destroy or threaten the enemy physically, though it was also an important aspect of becoming a leader, but also being intelligent, able to think fast and adapt to the changing environment. Only joined together, these assets could be viewed as strength, while physical force alone did not guarantee the chance to survive, especially in the primitive setting.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Justice as the Advantage of the Stronger: Thrasymachus’s Ideas (plato’s the republic) vs. Charles Darwin’s Principle of Natural Selection: a Comparison specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More That said, it is clear that the key difference between Darwin’s and Thrasymachus’s point of view is that Darwin does n ot join the idea of justice to the principle of natural selection, which is â€Å"the survival of the fittest† (Darwin), not the ones of the highest morals. While stressing that natural selection is reasonable and by all means predictable, Darwin, thus, explains that it is not always fair. In fact, the very fundament of modern justice is completely opposite to the concept of natural selection – in people’s society, the strongest ought to help the weakest, thus displaying the ability to empathize, which is the core difference between social animals, which people are, and non-social ones: â€Å"It is certain that associated animals have a feeling of love for each other, which is not felt by non-social adult animals† (Darwin). To Thrasymachus’s credit, one must admit that his point is quite clear and reasonable as well. Thrasymachus does not argue that the idea of justice being in the hands of the strong ones is how the justice system should be establ ished; however, this is how the justice system works in the real world. Admitting that the given state of affairs is rather unfortunate, Thrasymachus still adopts a more realistic point of view on the system of justice. Therefore, Darwin’s supposition concerning the strongest species as the ones that will most likely survive adapting to the changing environment and Thrasymachus’s idea of the strongest as the one who will prove his/her point with his/her force instead of developing other qualities, in fact, have very little in common. Though both works introduce the concept of the strongest as the most capable of reaching for the top, the authors obviously use the given term with a slight difference in meaning. While Thrasymachus makes it clear that force is the ultimate argument in any discussion, Darwin states that â€Å"the strongest† does not necessarily mean â€Å"the one whose muscle system is the best developed.† On the contrary, Darwin seems to inc orporate a variety of qualities into the image of the strongest representative of the species, meaning â€Å"the most capable of adapting† by saying â€Å"the strongest.† Hence, it can hardly be regarded appropriate to put Thrasymachus’s ideas on the same level with those of Darwin. While both opinions have the right to exist, it would be wrong to claim that Darwin’s concept of the strongest has much to do with the one suggested by Thrasymachus. Works Cited Darwin, Charles. â€Å"Comparison of the Mental Powers of Man and the Lower Animals.† The Descent of Man. Ed. Charles Darwin. 1871. Web.Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Darvin, Charles. On the Development of the Intellectual and Moral Facilities. The Descent of Man. Ed. Charles Darwin. 1871. Web. Plato. The Republic. 380 B. C. Web. This essay on Justice as the Advantage of the Stronger: Thrasymachus’s Ideas (plato’s the republic) vs. Charles Darwin’s Principle of Natural Selection: a Comparison was written and submitted by user Nadia Morris to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Henry Fairfield Osborn - A Profile of the Famous Paleontologist

Henry Fairfield Osborn - A Profile of the Famous Paleontologist Name: Henry Fairfield Osborn Born/Died: 1857-1935 Nationality: American Dinosaurs Named: Tyrannosaurus Rex, Pentaceratops, Ornitholestes, Velociraptor About Henry Fairfield Osborn Like many successful scientists, Henry Fairfield Osborn was fortunate in his mentor: the famous American paleontologist Edward Drinker Cope, who inspired Osborn to make some of the greatest fossil discoveries of the early 20th century. As part of the U.S. Geological Survey in Colorado and Wyoming, Osborn unearthed such famous dinosaurs as Pentaceratops and Ornitholestes, and (from his vantage point as president of the American Museum of Natural History in New York) was responsible for naming both Tyrannosaurus Rex (which had been discovered by museum employee Barnum Brown) and Velociraptor, which had discovered by another museum employee, Roy Chapman Andrews. In retrospect, Henry Fairfield Osborn had more of an impact on natural history museums than  he did on  paleontology; as one biographer says, he was a first-rate science administrator and a third-rate scientist. During his tenure at the American Museum of Natural History, Osborn spearheaded innovative visual displays designed to attract the general public (witness the dozens of habitat dioramas featuring realistic-looking prehistoric animals, which can still be seen in the museum today), and thanks to his efforts the AMNH remains the premier dinosaur destination in the world. At the time, however, many museum scientists were unhappy with Osborns efforts, believing that money spent on displays could be better spent on continuing research. Away from his fossil expeditions and his museum, unfortunately, Osborn had a darker side. Like many affluent, educated, white  Americans of the early 20th century, he was a firm believer in eugenics (the use of selective breeding to weed out less desirable races), to the extent that he imposed his prejudices on some museum galleries, misleading an entire generation of children (for example, Osborn refused to believe that the distant ancestors of humans resembled apes more than they did Homo sapiens).  Perhaps  more oddly, Osborn never quite came to terms with the theory of evolution, preferring the semi-mystical doctrine of orthogenetics (the belief that life is driven to increasing complexity by a mysterious force, and not the mechanisms of genetic mutation and natural selection).

The Country of Egypt - Geographic Information

The Country of Egypt - Geographic Information Population: 80,471,869 (July 2010 estimate)Capital: CairoArea: 386,662 square miles (1,001,450 sq km)Coastline: 1,522 miles (2,450 km)Highest Point: Mount Catherine at 8,625 feet (2,629 m)Lowest Point: Qattara Depression at -436 feet (-133 m)Egypt is a country located in northern Africa along the Mediterranean and Red Seas. Egypt is known for its ancient history, desert landscapes and large pyramids. Most recently however, the country has been in the news due to severe civil unrest that began in late January 2011. Protests began occurring in Cairo and other major cities on January 25. The protest is against poverty, unemployment and the government of President Hosni Mubarak. The protests continued for weeks and eventually led to Mubaraks stepping down from office. History of Egypt Egypt is known for its long and ancient history. According to the U.S. Department of State, Egypt has been a unified region for over 5,000 years and there is evidence of settlement prior to that. By 3100 B.C.E., Egypt was controlled by a ruler named Mena and he began the cycle of rule by Egypts various pharaohs. Egypts Pyramids of Giza were built during the 4th dynasty and ancient Egypt was height from 1567-1085 B.C.E.The last of Egypts pharaohs was dethroned during a Persian invasion of the country in 525 B.C.E. but in 322 B.C.E. it was conquered by Alexander the Great. In 642 C.E., Arab forces invaded and took control of the area and began to introduce the Arabic language which still exists in Egypt today.In 1517, the Ottoman Turks entered and took control of Egypt which lasted until 1882 except for a short time when Napoleons forces took control of it. Beginning in 1863, Cairo began to grow into a modern city and Ismail took control of the country in that year and remained in powe r until 1879. In 1869, the Suez Canal was built.Ottoman rule in Egypt ended in 1882 after the British stepped in to end a revolt against the Ottomans. They then occupied the area until 1922, when the United Kingdom declared Egypt independent. During World War II, the U.K. used Egypt as an operations base. Social instability began in 1952 when three different political forces began to clash over control of the region as well as the Suez Canal. In July 1952, the Egyptian government was overthrown. On June 19, 1953, Egypt was declared a republic with Lt. Col. Gamal Abdel Nasser as its leader.Nasser controlled Egypt until his death in 1970, at which time President Anwar el-Sadat was elected. In 1973, Egypt entered a war with Israel and in 1978 the two countries signed the Camp David Accords which later led to a peace treaty between them. In 1981, Sadat was assassinated and Hosni Mubarak was elected as president shortly thereafter.Throughout the rest of the 1980s and into the 1990s, Egypts political p rogress slowed and there were a number of economic reforms aimed at expanding the private sector, while reducing the public. In January 2011 protests against Mubaraks government began and Egypt remains socially unstable.Government of EgyptEgypt is considered a republic with an executive branch of government made up of a chief of state and a prime minister. It also has a legislative branch with a bicameral system made up of the Advisory Council and the Peoples Assembly. Egypts judicial branch is made up of its Supreme Constitutional Court. It is divided into 29 governorates for local administration.Economics and Land Use in EgyptEgypts economy is highly developed but it is mostly based on the agriculture that takes place in the Nile River valley. Its main agricultural products include cotton, rice, corn, wheat, beans, fruits, vegetables cattle, water buffalo, sheep and goats. Other industries in Egypt are textiles, food processing, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, hydrocarbons, cement, metals and light manufacturing. Tourism is also a major industry in Egypt.Geography and Climate of EgyptEgypt is located in nor thern Africa and shares borders with Gaza Strip, Israel, Libya and Sudan. Egypts boundaries also include the Sinai Peninsula. Its topography consists mainly of desert plateau but the eastern part is cut by the Nile River valley. The highest point in Egypt is Mount Catherine at 8,625 feet (2,629 m), while its lowest point is the Qattara Depression at -436 feet (-133 m). Egypts total area of 386,662 square miles (1,001,450 sq km) makes it the 30th largest country in the world.The climate of Egypt is desert and as such it has very hot, dry summers and mild winters. Cairo, Egypts capital which is located in the Nile valley, has an average July high temperature of 94.5ËšF (35ËšC) and an average January low of 48ËšF (9ËšC).To learn more about Egypt, visit the Geography and Maps page on Egypt on this website.ReferencesCentral Intelligence Agency. (13 January 2011). CIA - The World Factbook - Egypt. Retrieved from: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/eg.htmlInfoplease.com. (n.d.). Egypt: History, Geography, Government, and Cul ture- Infoplease.com. Retrieved from: infoplease.com/ipa/A0107484.htmlParks, Cara. (1 February 2011). Whats Going on in Egypt? The Huffington Post. Retrieved from: huffingtonpost.com/2011/01/28/whats-going-on-in-egypt_n_815734.htmlUnited States Department of State. (10 November 2010). Egypt. Retrieved from: state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5309.htmWikipedia.com. (2 February 2011). Egypt - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt

Public Health Law reform Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Public Health Law reform - Essay Example The proposed public laws are crafted to link various three aspects, duty, restraints and power, this are fundamentally missing in the current statutes necessitating the need for the revised form (Novick, Morrow, & Mays, 2008). On duty, the envisaged law compels the government to give priority to the well being of the citizens in promoting dissemination of health services in a non-discriminatory. Interestingly, the state government does not have any affirmative action in the implementation of the policies and this transcends to the judicial systems that lacks clear guidelines on how to apprehend violators of these statutes. These are some of the issues addressed in the new model of the laws. The government should also be given the powers to set the required standards of health and enforce these laws to avoid defaulters getting away with such offences. The regulations in this case rotate on issues like clean water, air and work places to mitigate on the spread of infectious diseases ( Novick, Morrow, & Mays, 2008). The new proposals also endeavor to check on the government involvement in the assessment of these acts such that possible unfair intrusions can be regulated. Even with the drafting of the new reforms, there has been no unanimous public agreement with the reforms and contentious issues are yet to be sort for its implementation (Novick, Morrow, & Mays,

Networking Infrastructure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Networking Infrastructure - Essay Example iv) Not all communication channels preserve the order of messages sent to them. To deal with the possible loss of sequencing them, the protocol must make explicit provision for the receiver to allow the pieces to be put back together properly. v) Sometimes the process may be unable to accept long messages. This property leads to mechanisms for disassembling, transmitting, and then reassembling messages.(Computer networks- Andrew S. Tanenbaum) The above architecture consists of four areas: NC area (NCA), freely accessible area (FAA) for subscription purposes, protected provider's private area (PPA) for service-specific servers and global Internet (GI). These areas are physically separated and IP traffic between them is run over a router with enabled packet-filtering controlled by the LS (log in server). The client will be connected to UNIX based server (i.e. the Sunblade machine). Setting up a DHCP server enables the user to manage the addresses and other network information for client computers on the private network. With the DHCP configured on the network, a client computer can simply indicate that it wants to use DHCP and the DHCP server can provide it's IP address, network mask, DNS server, router and other information needed to get up and running on the network. With the DHCP, the user can simplify the initial network configuration that each client computer on the network needs to do. Later as the network evolves, the information can be easily updated, having changes automatically picked up clients when they restart their network interfaces. The minimum tools needed to set up DHCP server are: A firewall that allows requests for DHCP service. A configured /etc/dhcpd.conf file (For Sunblade machine) A running dhcp server daemon The DNS (Domain Name System) is essentially a distributed database that translates hostnames into IP addresses and IP addresses back to host names. The database also contains information related to each domain, such as how the domain is organized into zones, where to route mail for that domain and whom to contact with questions associated with the domain. To maintain the DNS server efficiently the following configuration tasks can be performed: Logging: The user can indicate what he wants to log and where log files reside. Remote server options: The user can set options for specific DNS servers to perform such tasks as blocking information from a bad server, setting encryption keys to use with a server or defining transfer methods. In the above model the DNS, DHCP, Win server, mail and FTP all have public IP addresses. 2. Network Address Translation allows a single device, such as a router, to act as agent between the Internet (or "public network") and a local (or "private") network. This means that only a single unique IP address is required to represent an entire group of computers to anything outside their network. The shortage of IP addresses is only one reason to use NAT. Two other good reasons

The Early Explorers Journals Essay Example for Free

The Early Explorers Journals Essay Christopher Columbus and Samuel de Champlain were two of the most influential explorers in the history of the Americas. Columbus discovered the area near Caribbean Islands while Champlain explored the St. Lawrence Seaway. Their journals were very similar in the way they described what the two explorers saw. Yet they have some differences as well. There are some small differences that these two works carry. Columbus starts out each entry with the day that it began on. Like in the following passage, Monday Nov. 12th. They sailed from the port of the river (114). Champlain did not do it this way he simply stated facts from day to day. The way he writes it is like he is telling a story while Columbus is giving detailed information. The reason this was done may have something to do with the rulers that these two men were under. Columbus had to keep a detailed record for the ruler of Spain at the time. Champlain may not have had to do this being as Jacques Cartier had led an expedition through the same area for the French a few years earlier. The background of these two explorers definitely showed up in these journals. The two different time periods that Columbus and Champlain lived in also had an effect on their style of writing. Columbus expedition was around the time of 1492-1493, while Champlains was almost two hundred years later in 1608-1612. Columbus had to deal with a lot of natives in the West Indies that could not speak their native language. These natives also looked as the men of Columbus crew as gods sent from heaven. Champlain did not have it so easy. He had to deal with the Native American tribes of the great lakes area. These tribes, such as the Iroquois and the Huron, were sometimes not the best people to have to deal with. The Iroquois especially were not very friendly to the members of Champlains group. They were enemies of the Huron and the Huron were allies of the French. Before Champlain had to do battle with the Iroquois Columbus was worshiped by the natives of what is now present-day Cuba. He was able to give them glass beads in exchange for some very important items for his expedition. He was  able to get water and spices for the small glass beads. He was of course looking for what every Spanish explorer who sought out the natives of present day South America was looking for, gold. These two different journals were not all different however. They did have some similarities. In fact they have more in common than they have different from each other. The way nature is described in each journal is very similar. Columbus uses a very poetic style to describe the flora and fauna that he saw on his travels. Columbus describes the birds and trees that he sees in the tropical region very eloquently. Champlain uses this style as well to describe the nature that he saw along the St. Lawrence. He uses the same style in describing the forests and the deer that he encountered on his trip. This is just one of the many similarities that each journal has though. Besides the obvious comparison of sharing chronological time they share a same purpose. They were both meant to tell of their journeys. They tell them in a different way, but regardless they still tell of them. Columbus tells of his journeys through the Americas so that we may have an understanding of what he and his crew did during 1492. Champlain kept his for basically the same reason. These stories obviously became and vital piece of history. These stories also had another aspect in common; each man shared in some kind of a hardship. Columbus, in the Narrative of the Third Voyage talks about having a hard time getting to America. Champlain had an even rougher time in his second story. Champlain talks about being lost in the woods after hunting a bird that he followed. He gets lost and has to go through quite an ordeal to get back. Columbus also had many hardships to go through. He describes being stuck in a terrible place to be caught while sailing. The place he describes has not very much wind, it was very hot, and full of seaweed. These two definitely went through some tough times. Samuel de Champlain and Christopher Columbus wrote two very spectacular journals. They kept them perfectly and help the world see what exactly they  went through in their travels. Each of these men was an obviously very important figure, without Columbus who knows what would have happened in the Americas. Champlain also helped chart the area around the great lakes that was dominated by Native Americans at the time. Their journals should obviously be considered a vital piece of American Literature.

Enders Shadow or Enders Game :: Free Essay Writer

Ender's Shadow or Ender's Game Journal - Enders Shadow Entry 1 In this story there is an alien race called the buggers, they have attacked earth before and now the I.F. (International Fleet) is training the younger generation to be commanders of the next fleet. The main character in Enders Shadow is Bean. He lives on the streets of Rotterdam, in the allies and under steps. Like many other children living on the streets, it is very sparse to find food. Most survive by the leftovers they find in the trash. Bean, being the smallest of the children was the skinniest of them all. He was extremely small. He was on his last few days of life and was so weak he gave up on finding food. That very day a crew leader named Poke (crews were a group of children that shared the food that they found and they had crew leaders) gave Bean 7 peanuts and she asked for his name. But he said he hadn’t received a name, so they called him Bean. There were food shelters that gave food out every morning but crews with young children couldn’t get in because of the older children that were bullies. And most of the time bullies would come and take food from the crews instead of beating them up. Bean had a plan to threaten one bully to protect the crew and I n return he would be allowed to live. They choose to pick the bully named Achilles because he was born with a bad leg and he needed the crew for his safety. They jumped Achilles and held a rock over his head and told him their plan and he agreed to go along with it but Bean told Poke to kill him as and example to the other bullies, but Achilles was smart and he persuaded them to let him be there protector. Entry 2 Achilles made a plan to get the children into the kitchens. When the bullies started lining up for the kitchen Achilles sent one of the crewmembers named Sergeant to the second place in the line budding in front of the meanest bully. The bully shoved the kid into the ground. Achilles came up to the bully and asked him why he pushed Sergeant into the bully in the front. Achilles explained how he was just saving his place in line, until he pushed him into his friend.

Padma Bridge Paragraph Essay

BANGLADESH ECONOMY IF PADMA BRIDGE NOT ESTABLISHED INTRODUCTION: The Padma Bridge is a multipurpose road raile bridge across the Padma river to be constructed in Bangladesh. When completed it will be the largest bridge in Bangladesh and the first fixed river crossing for road traffic. It will connect Louhajang, Munshiganj to Shariatpur and Madaripur, linking the south-west of the country, to northern and eastern regions. The project covers three districts — Munshiganj (Mawa point/North bank), Shariatpur and Madaripur (Janjira/South bank). The total area of land to be acquired and required for its components is 918 hectares. The requisition of land for the construction yard will be for six years on a rental basis. As per the new design, an additional 144.04 ha has been identified for acquisition, bringing the total to 1062.14 hectares. This additional land is required because project site lost significant land due to erosion, for transition structures and due to a change in railway alignment. The two-level steel truss bridge will carry a four-lane highway on the upper level and a single track railway on a lower level. The project will include 6.15  km long and 21.10 m wide bridge, 15 km of approach roads, toll plazas and service areas. Literature Review: It is a sad state of affairs when an entire nation has to suffer for the actions of just a few. The World Bank has claimed to have found credible evidence of a high-level corruption conspiracy among selected government officials involved in the Padma Bridge project. The cancellation of the $1.2 billion credit for the Padma Bridge project will have an adverse effect on the Bangladesh economy for years to come. It will also make it difficult for the current government to begin what it thought would be one of its signature achievements. The government will look for alternative sources of funding for the Padma Bridge. Malayasia has shown some interest. However, the World Bank decision will surely affect the terms and conditions that any prospective donor would offer for funding the project. And it definitely would not go in our favour. Hypothesis: If government of Bangladesh solve the problem about the corruption issue and find some other sources to build ta bridge and to help the busniess and economy of Bangladesh. Firstly we have to stop corruption and find out the sources who will help us to build Padma bridge. Objectives: 1. Main objective: The main objective is to find out the main causes of establishing of padma bridge and find out a solution of a problem. 2. Specific objectives:a. find out the potential causes of padma bridge corruption;b. find out a complete solution of this situationc. Business affects and benefits of the problem and solution.2. Materials and Methods: Description: Materials: I want to complete my research with possible data and documents from every source I can go through Research Methodology: a. reason of not starting the project; b. affects in business; c. who are responsible. Statistical Approach:business affect for not building padma bridgewhat is the solutions to solve this problem3. Timeframe:– I need approximately 15 days for this research. Because in 15 days I use 10 days for collecting the information and 5 days for analyze and complete the research. Working time : Every day 9:00am – 8:00pm (Except Friday & Saturday). 4. Statement of Budget:  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 1. | tranportation| 4000/| 2. | food| 3000/| 3. | Equipment| 3000/| TOTAL| | 10000BDT| 5. Reference:  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ The Daily star,13th january 2013 Wikipedia of padma bridge

How are women portrayed in The Millers Tale Essay

The Miller’s Tale was written and is set in medieval England, a time when women had much fewer rights than men, and were more or less just owned by their fathers, and then by their husbands when they got married. 17th century United States in The Crucible has a slightly different society but also has the similar male dominance. The Handmaid’s Tale is set in a dystopian future where women are also heavily dominated by men, but in a completely different way. This essay is about the ways that women in general are portrayed and perceived in these three stories, as well as touching on the characters of the individual women in these tales. The Miller’s Tale is one of the stories from the Canterbury Tales series, all written in poetic form, by Geoffrey Chaucer. These tales in the series are all told by different pilgrims, who are also fictional, so this uses a story-within-a-story literary device. Their tales are part of a contest to entertain each other on their pilgrimage from Southwark to Canterbury Cathedral. In The Miller’s Tale, it is the miller’s turn to tell a tale, and he tells the story of a devious young student called Nicholas, who is attracted to the much younger wife of a carpenter, his neighbour, and plots a cunning plan to sleep with her. He does this by telling the dim and simple carpenter that a flood is coming, and that he must tie some tubs to the ceiling of his home for the three of them in order to keep them safe. Whilst the carpenter is away at work on these orders, Nicholas takes the carpenter’s wife Alison downstairs and manages to seduce her until she very willingly has sex with him. Alison from The Miller’s Tale is eighteen years old, and described as passionate and highly attractive. Her faithfulness in marriage to her husband is very questionable when she allows herself to be easily taken in by this other man, her neighbour, and commits adultery with him without much care for her own husband. Near the beginning of the Miller’s Tale, there is a clear, physical description of Alison, being a lively woman who might want to have an affair. For she is â€Å"wilde and yonge†, meaning that her behaviour is rather uncontrolled, and her older husband is jealous and possessive of her. The miller describes her as having a â€Å"body gent and smal† as a weasel’s, meaning that she has an attractive slim figure, and that suggests that she is also a very sly character just like a weasel. Alison is also vain and very concerned about her appearance. She is selfish and cares more about herself than of other people, and she does not even think much of all the men that take a strong liking to her. She has established herself as a not at all a likeable character in this story. The fact that she sleeps with Nicholas right in her very own marital home, whilst her own husband is just upstairs at work at the very same time, must show how very daring she is, because he could have easily come downstairs and catch them in the act. But it could also mean that she does not actually really mind or care much about the carpenter’s feelings or whether he knows that she is being unfaithful to him or not. We feel some sympathy for the carpenter, who is being conned like this by two people, as well as being cheated on by his wife and having to bear the shameful title of a â€Å"cuckold†. Alison is certainly one to take risks in exchange for her own selfish sexual desires, going against the female stereotypes of the time by being rebellious and free-spirited and instead of being faithful and modest like a woman should be in her time. Alison from The Miller’s Tale is a lot like Abigail Williams from The Crucible. They are similar ages, and are both selfish and sexually immoral women who both have illicit sexual affairs and go against societal and moral rules that are expected of them for their own personal gain and pleasure. Also, neither Alison nor Abigail show any shred of remorse for their sinful actions. Where Alison goes behind her albeit dim husband’s back to sleep with her neighbour Nicholas, she is in turn fulfilling his desiring lustful plan. Sex outside of marriage was very wrong in her time, let alone committing adultery. Alison might have just married the carpenter for the sake of security, since he is described in the story as a â€Å"rich gnof†, but obviously cannot control her extramarital sexual urges and is very open to acting on them whenever the chance arises. Seventeen year old Abigail betrays her position as a house servant in the Proctor’s home by having an affair with John Proctor whilst he is still married to his kind wife Elizabeth, who happens to be ill at the time the affair occurs. However, there is much more to Abigail than involvements in adultery, as this leads to her seemingly falling in love and becoming obsessed with John Proctor. She says to him in Act One before the trials: â€Å"I know how you clutched my back behind your house and sweated like a stallion whenever I come near†¦ It’s she put me out, you cannot pretend it were you. I saw your face when she put me out, and you loved me then and you do now†. Abigail has seriously formed an impression that John is just as infatuated with her and she is with him, even though he constantly denies it and tells her she is speaking a â€Å"wild thing†. So at the very start of the play, she is casting a spell to kill Elizabeth so that she can be out of the way for herself and John to be together, as she believes that Elizabeth is the only person in her way of having John. We can sympathise a little with Abigail, as we know she has had a very troubled past. She is an orphan, who had watched both her parents being viciously murdered by Indians one night a long time ago. She reveals this in Act One, after ordering the girls to lie about their activities in the woods, she viciously threatens to get them in the night, and in her own words says â€Å"you know I can do it: I saw Indians smash my dear parents’ heads on the pillow next to mine, and I have seen some reddish work done at night, and I can make you wish you had never seen the sun go down! â€Å". This traumatic event that was imposed upon her at such a young age does provide some explanation and understanding as to why her personality seems rather unstable, and why she acts so brutally towards other people. On the other hand, we don’t really know anything about Alison’s past, so we assume she is just a nasty sly character and though her crimes are not as dire as Abigail’s, we do not really have the evidence to feel as much sympathy for her behaviour. Though I think we can like Alison to some extent, as even though we condemn her behaviour, the men in her story are not as admirable as John Proctor so maybe her behaviour does not seem so bad. She even has the advantage of being secure in a marriage, unlike Abigail who is an unmarried orphan living with her uncle. The presentation of Abigail in The Crucible is rather dark and frightening, a good example of this being at the court scene, where she is deliberately causing hysteria by throwing around accusations of witchcraft, and even going as far as pretending to be bewitched by Mary, and getting all the other girls to make believe the very same thing and repeat Abigail’s exact chants and actions.

Medicaid APA Essay Example

Medicaid APA Essay Example Medicaid APA Paper Medicaid APA Paper According to the New York State Department, Medicaid is a program created by the government to assist the New York working class, particularly those who could not afford to pay for their health care and medical needs. Accordingly, this benefit poses a few requisites before a person could avail. Among them includes; the very high medical bills that no ordinary employee can afford; a supplemental security income or (SSI), as well as age, disability and income requirements that falls within certain bracket identified as fit to be considered beneficiary. The scope of Medicaid is so vast that it caters to almost all kinds of health care needs, from ordinary illness, to maternity and childcare benefits and even to those critical in nature, such as cancer and chemotherapy. It began as a program that pays off health care benefits for disabled, unemployed as well as the elderly. In 1996, The Michigan Department of Health was created along with a portion of the Department of Public; Mental and the Medical Services Administration; and is responsible for the collection of information of a wide range of health related information. The purpose of this collection is the baseline monitoring of the well being of its citizen and is mainly responsible for health policy and management of the population. It set goals to maintain and to execute to strive for healthier conditions; promote access to the broadest possible range of quality services and supports; prevent disease, promote wellness and improve the quality of life. The Medicaid health care coverage for people with limited incomes, mental health services for those with mental illness or disabilities, health promotion, disease prevention, drug enforcements, treatment and education are among its basic duties. In order for Michigan to accomplish these goals, funding for health services comes from the Federal Government in the form of operating grants. The rest comes from taxes paid by its citizens. Medicaid uses utilization review, which is the process of evaluating the appropriateness of services provided. The main objective is to review each case and determine the most appropriate level of service and the setting in which it should be delivered, the most cost-efficient methods for care delivery, and the need to plan subsequent care. It is divided into three categories which are prospective, concurrent, and retrospective. One example of prospective care is preventing unnecessary or inappropriate institutionalization. It notifies the concurrent review system that a case will be occurring and allows them to prepare for discharge planning. Concurrent utilization review occurs when decisions regarding appropriateness are made during the course of health care utilization. An example of this would involve monitoring the length of inpatient stays and discharge planning. Retrospective utilization is managing utilization after the services have been delivered. The review is based on an examination of medical records to access the appropriateness of care. This can be helpful for taking corrective action and for monitoring subsequent progress. Utilization control is about is practice profiling, a method that refers to the development of provider-specific practice patterns and the comparison of individual practice patterns to some norm. The profiles are basically used to identify which physicians, compared to other physicians in their category, are using surgery, tests, or hospitalization excessively. The profile reports are used to give feedback to providers so that they can modify their behavior of medical practice. They can also help detect fraud and abuse. Medicaid provides many programs that help families in need with assistance for medical, nutritional, food, day care or other expenses. It encompasses a wide array of the public and includes: adults, children and teens, senior citizens, pregnant women or persons with disabilities, some of which are broken down according to specific guidelines. The up-to-date health care coverage and the promotion of quality of care are made possible through the maintenance of agency regulatory control. One of which is CMS, that plays a key role in the overall direction of the healthcare services and serves approximately 90 million beneficiaries (US Department of Health. 2005). It anticipates accomplishing the mission by continuing to transform and modernize the health care system. They set standards and guidelines for organizations to follow and adhere to in order to provide the best possible care. Another important regulatory system is called the Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set which is a set of performance data developed and maintained by the National Committee for Quality Assurance. It is most widely used to standardize performance measure in the managed care industry. HEDIS establishes accountability in managed care and assure that employers, regulators and consumers have the information the need. In a home health care situation the primary care giver is usually not the physician. The physician is communicated with by phone and with documentation from the caregivers. The primary caregivers are usually the nurses and other team members who are involved directly with the patients care. Although, the original order to begin home care must be initiated by the physician if skilled care is to be obtained. According to the 1995 Guide to Health Insurance for People with Medicare pays the full cost of medically necessary home health visits by a Medicare-approved home health agency. This coverage must meet specific criteria, but it can be a relief to family members to know that their loved ones can be taken care of at home without worrying about the expenses. Unfortunately, if the care to be given within the home is termed not medically necessary the expense is not covered. This can include items such as meal and medication delivery, a percentage of necessary durable medical equipment, personal care and homemaker services. Health care services that are not included can become quite numerous. It is often difficult for family members to understand why specific services are not covered especially when they appear to be necessary for the care of the patient. These costs can add up quite quickly and the impact of the cost can become quite distressing for family members and patients on a limited budget. In these cases a Social Worker is usually provided to help the patient and family explore other avenues which may enable them to cover their health care costs. Assisted living is an arrangement to residents of a facility that enables them to complete certain daily activities while remaining independent. The services provided enable the resident to achieve maximum function of their activities of daily living. These services help assist the aged, blind, disabled, and other functionally limited individuals with necessary daily activities which they require help with or are unable to perform on their own. Personal care does not include specific health oriented services which would require the services of a certified or licensed professional. The goal of an assisted living facility is to have the residents feel independent. Reference Page Department of Health (2007). Medicaid in New York City. Retrieved online on 16 March 2007 from: health. state. ny. us/health_care/medicaid/#definitionCare. US Department of Health: on Center for Medicare and Medical Services. USA. gov, page last updated on 07 July 2005, and retrieved on 16 March 2007 from: cms. hhs. gov/History/

5 Sentence-Folding Fixes

5 Sentence-Folding Fixes 5 Sentence-Folding Fixes 5 Sentence-Folding Fixes By Mark Nichol Does your last piece of writing feel flat, static, repetitive? Is a soporific sentence rhythm dulling your edge? Combining sentences is an easy solution for making your prose flow more smoothly and briskly. 1. â€Å"The logging practices of the time were extraordinarily wasteful. They involved cutting and then burning in order to clear the logged area of limbs and other forest debris.† The second sentence neatly folds into the first between the subject and the verb: â€Å"The logging practices of the time, which involved cutting and then burning in order to clear the logged area of limbs and other forest debris, were extraordinarily wasteful.† 2. â€Å"Smith completed his report in September 1950. It represented five years of work.† The second, shorter sentence here is easily folded into the first, but how it should be done depends on the emphasis. If the duration of the project should be emphasized, then work the completion date into a parenthetical phrase: â€Å"Smith’s report, completed in September 1950, represented five years of work.† If the completion date is more important, parenthesize the project duration: â€Å"Smith’s report, representing five years of work, was completed in September 1950.† In either case, reserve the more important information for the end of the sentence. 3. â€Å"The book’s author, Jane Smith, was a well-established, award-winning author. Jones and his advisers tried hard but failed to keep the book from being published.† The information about Smith, which follows a first reference to the book in question, is the kind of detail that is important but does not merit a separate sentence. However, if the preceding sentence is already complex (as was the case here), work it parenthetically into the next reference to the book: â€Å"Jones and his advisers tried hard but failed to keep the book, written by Jane Smith, a well-established, award-winning author, from being published.† (This is a natural fit, because the author’s status likely had some impact on the failure to suppress the book’s publication.) The sentence could be further compressed by inserting the writer’s qualities before her name, rather than after it: â€Å"Jones and his advisers tried hard but failed to keep the book, written by well-established, award-winning author Jane Smith, from being published.† 4. â€Å"They needed $40,000 to qualify their bid proposal. To raise that amount, they wrote to people who had visited the area.† The combine these sentences, simply replace â€Å"that amount,† the second reference to the monetary figure, with the first reference, and adjust the syntax of the first statement: â€Å"To raise the $40,000 they needed to qualify their bid proposal, they wrote to people who had visited the area.† 5. â€Å"The new bill was 157 pages long and described 150 projects in more than 200 congressional districts in forty-four states. The total cost was a tidy $1.8 billion.† Forms of the lifeless verb â€Å"to be† (is, was, were, and so on) serve as red flags marking sentences that merit revision. The classic fix for the two-sentence template â€Å"This was that. This was that.† follows: Replace the first â€Å"to be† verb with a comma, and change the form of the second verb and replace the period with another comma; these actions convert what follows was in the first sentence into a parenthetical phrase. Then, jettison the first two words of the second sentence and the second â€Å"to be† verb, which transforms cost from a noun to a verb: â€Å"The new bill, 157 pages long and describing 150 projects in more than 200 congressional districts in forty-four states, cost a tidy $1.8 billion.† Find more examples of how to combine sentences in this post. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:10 Grammar Mistakes You Should AvoidHow to Play HQ Words: Cheats, Tips and TricksWhile vs. Whilst

Flextime Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Flextime - Research Paper Example The firm investment criteria is guided by the existence of strong management, reasonable growth prospects, diversified customer base, sustainable competitive advantage, leading market share and attractive cash flow characteristics. The current investments include Ellery homestyles, Northstar seafood, Getichealth, Advanced discovery, Pelican water systems, Wise Company, Onepath systems and Northfield industries. Trivest is thinking about using flextime to improve the employee morale, attain high job satisfaction and improve the overall productivity of the company. The report will outline the company background and provide detailed analysis of the advantages of flextime for the employees and the company. The company will also analyze the disadvantages of flextime for the employees and the company and provide recommendations that should be implemented by the company. Flexible working hours provide the employees an opportunity to attend to their family needs, personal obligations and life responsibilities more conveniently without jeopardizing their work demands (Financial Post, para 2). Flexible working schedules save employee commuting time and fuel costs since some commuting is outside the ‘rush hour’. This will allow employees to get at work in time and avoid the fuel costs that are incurred in traffic jams during the rush hours (Hirsh and Sun, para 3). The flexible working essential eliminate employee burnout and overload. Employees experience mental and psychical burnout while working on an ongoing schedule of eight hours per day and thus implementation of flexible work hours provides them time to relax and avoid burnout (Financial Post, para 3). Flexible working will allow employees to take personal control over their work schedules and working environment. Implementation of flexible work hours is a sign of compassion and